Spring application is wide, spring use is very wide, can be used to store energy, vibration reduction, force measurement, etc. In mechanical and electrical products, there are various types of special-shaped springs. In order to ensure that the spring can work reliably, its material should meet with high strength and yield. Therefore, the choice of spring processing materials is very important.

Part one: Common materials

1. Musicwire

Pianowire, high carbon steel. Excellent winding ability, corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, excellent formability and ductility, excellent quality and stability.

2. 65Mn carbon steel wire

Compared with carbon spring steel, 65Mn has the advantages of good hardenability and high strength; The disadvantage is easy to crack and hot brittle after quenching. But because the price is cheap, so the machine is often used to manufacture a variety of small cross section flat spring,coil spring, clockwork spring, etc., can also make valve springs, spring rings, shock absorbers and clutch reeds, brake springs, etc.

3. The nickelage high carbon steel wire

High corrosion resistance, high soldering performance, improved hardness, good chemical stability, good electrical conductivity.

4. Carbon steel wire

The higher the carbon content of steel, the higher the hardness, strength and wear resistance after heating treatment. High carbon steel has high strength and low ductility.

5. 304 stainless steel wire

304 Performance is better than 430, cheaper than 316, widely used in life. Lead free 304 surface and corrosion resistance is good, do not have to go through plating and other surface treatment. Heat resistance, low temperature strength and mechanical properties. Suitable for air and steam, easy to weld. (316 suitable for seaside CI-chloride ion)

Part two: Classify by small, medium and large

The choice of spring material should be based on the nature of the spring load, stress state, stress size, working temperature, environmental media, service life, the requirements of conductive and magnetic conductivity, process performance, material source and price factors to determine.

When determining the shape and size of the material section, priority should be given to the selection of the size of series prescribed by Chinese standards and ministerial standards, and the selection of non-standard series specifications of materials should be avoided.

Medium and small spring, spiral stretch spring, should give priority to the treatment of steel wire, lead bath and other warm cold drawn steel wire and oil quenching tempered steel wire, with high strength and good surface quality, fatigue performance is higher than ordinary quenching tempered steel wire, simple processing, good technology, stable quality.

Carbon spring steel wire and piano steel wire after cold drawing produce large residual stress, processing spring, there is a large residual stress, after tempering size change, it is difficult to control the size. Oil quenching tempered steel wire is in the steel wire is drawn to the specified size after modulation treatment, basically no residual stress exists, forming spring after low temperature tempering, size change is very small, stability is better than cold drawing reinforced steel wire.

Large and medium-sized spring, for the load degree and high stress should be selected cold drawn material or cold drawn after grinding steel. For springs with low load and stress, hot rolled steel can be selected.

Core tips: 

1. Spring material selection, we should pay attention to the hardenability of steel. Whether the section of the spring material is quenched and the degree of quenching is very important to the mass of the spring.

       A) with the spring itself as conductor of electrical spring or spring material selection in a wet working environment, we should pay attention to the hardenability of steel. Whether the section of the spring material is quenched and the degree of quenching is very important to the mass of the spring.

      B) with the spring itself as conductor of electrical spring or in the humidity of variable conditions, such as water (including sea water), steam working spring environment, generally choose copper and gold materials.

2. Spring working in acid contact and other corrosive media, generally choose corrosion resistant materials such as stainless acid-resistant steel or nickel alloy. For the spring used in general environmental medium conditions, ordinary spring steel is selected. After being made into the spring, anti-rust coating or electroplating (zinc plating, cadmium plating, copper plating) is carried out on its surface to prevent corrosion.

3. The spring used in weighing instruments and instruments, in order to meet its accuracy is not affected by temperature changes, generally choose the elastic modulus and expansion coefficient of small change of constant elastic alloy.